digital fundamentals 10th edition pdf utorrent

 R  Vout = −  f  Vin  R in  Vout Vin =− Rf R 1 || R 2 Vout V = − in Rf R in Whether the input is a current determined by Vin/R1 or as I1 : Vout =Ĭurrent-Controlled Current Source Current This circuit may appear more complicated than the others but it is really the same thing. Voltage-Controlled Current Source VoltageĬurrent-Controlled Voltage Source Current This is simply another way of applying the op-amp operation. What makes an op-amp different from other amplifiers is its impedance characteristics and gain calculations that depend solely on external resistors. Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source Voltage The output voltage is the gain times the input voltage. Very low output impedance Realistically these circuits are designed using equal resistors (R1 = Rf) to avoid problems with offset voltages.Ĭontrolled Sources Voltage-controlled voltage source VoltageVoltage-controlled current source Voltage Current-controlled voltage source Current Current-controlled current source Current.amplifier The advantages of using a unity gain amplifier: Voltage Buffer Any amplifier with no gain or loss is called a unity gain amplifier. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Robert L.

The output is the sum of individual signals times the gain: R  R R Vo = −  f V1 + f V2 + f V3  R2 R3  R1 

Multiple-Stage Gains Multiple The total gain (3-stages) is given by: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Ĭonstant-Gain Amplifier Constant Inverting VersionĬonstant-Gain Amplifier Constant Noninverting Version Boylestad and Louis NashelskyĬopyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

OpOp-Amp Applications Constant-gain multiplier ConstantVoltage summing Voltage buffer Controlled sources Instrumentation circuits Active filtersĮlectronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Robert L.

Digital fundamentals 10th edition pdf utorrent